Хитмейкеры. Наука популярности в эпоху развлечений - Страница 109

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239. Anita Elberse. Blockbusters. N. Y.: Henry Holt, 2013.

240. Derek Thompson. Hollywood Has a Huge Millennial Problem // The Atlantic. 2016. June 8. www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/06/hollywood-has-a-huge-millennial-problem/486209/.

241. Movie Budget and Financial Performance Records // The Numbers, www.the-numbers.com/movie/budgets/.

8. Миф о вирусах

Двумя самыми важными книгами, описывающими элементы теории сетей и «виральность» распространения информации, были «Переломный момент» Малкольма Гладуэлла и «Идея-вирус? Эпидемия!» Сета Година. Я хотел бы также поблагодарить Энн Джеймисон, чьи исследования по этой теме и беседы с которой по телефону помогли мне лучше понять историю жанра фанфикшен.

242. Ogi Ogas. The Online World of Female Desire // Wall Street Journal, April 30, 2011, www.wsj.com/articles/SB 10001424052748704463804576291181510459902.

243. Anne Jamison. Fic: Why Fanfiction Is Taking Over the World. Dallas: Smart Pop, 2013.

244. Emily Eakin. Grey Area: How «Fifty Shades’ Dominated the Market // New York Review of Books. 2012. July 27. www.nybooks.com/daily/2012/07/27/seduction-and-betrayal-twilight-fifty-shades/.

245. Аманда Хейуорд, письма автору. 12.09.2014.

246. Julie Bosman. Discreetly Digital, Erotic Novel Sets American Women Abuzz // New York Times. 2012. March 9. www.nytimes.com/2012/03/10/business/media/an-erotic-novel-50-shades-of-grey-goes-viral-with-women.html; см. также: Gladwell. The Tipping Point.

247. Andrew Rice. Does BuzzFeed Know the Secret? // New York Magazine. 2013. April 7. nymag.com/news/features/buzzfeed-2013–4/.

248. S. Goel, Duncan Watts and Daniel Goldstein. The Structure of Online Diffusion Networks // Proc. 13th ACM Conf. Electronic Commerce 2012, Association for Computing Machinery, New York. P. 623–638. https://5harad.com/papers/diffusion.pdf.

249. Sharad Goel, Ashton Anderson, Jake Hofman and Duncan Watts. The Structural Virality of Online Diffusion // Management Science. 2016. January. 62. № 1. P. 180–196. https://5harad.com/papers/twiral.pdf.

250. Goel et al. The Structure of Online Diffusion Networks.

251. Goel et al. The Structural Virality of Online Diffusion.

252. Steven Johnson, The Ghost Map: The Story of London’s Most Terrifying Epidemic – and How It Changed Science, Cities, and the Modern World. N. Y.: Riverhead, 2006.

253. Kathleen Tuthill. John Snow and the Broad Street Pump // Cricket. 2003. November. 31. № 3. Перепечатано UCLA Department of Epidemiology, www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/snowcricketarticle.html.

254. John Snow. Medical Times and Gazette 9. September 23, 1854. P. 321–322. Перепечатано UCLA Department of Epidemiology, www.ph.ucla.edu/epi/snow/choleraneargoldensquare.html.

Примечание. Другие оценки методологии Сноу, в частности статья Дэвида Фридмана «Статистические модели и обувная кожа» (Statistical Models and Shoe Leather), придают больше значения проведенному Сноу обследованию водопроводных компаний. За несколько лет до начала эпидемии одна лондонская водопроводная компания перенесла свою станцию водозабора выше по течению Темзы, то есть дальше от места слива ливневой канализации, а другая компания оставила станцию водозабора на прежнем месте, ниже места слива ливневой канализации. Одна часть лондонцев пила чистую воду, а другая – воду, содержащую дождевые стоки. Другими словами, эпидемия холеры стала результатом чего-то вроде непреднамеренного рандомизированного клинического исследования. Несколько сотен тысяч человек случайным образом оказались потребителями воды одной компании и заболевали с большей вероятностью, а другие сотни тысяч случайным образом оказались потребителями воды другой компании и остались здоровыми.

255. Randy Alfred. Sept. 8, 1854: Pump Shutdown Stops London Cholera Outbreak // Wired. 2009. September 8. www.wired.com/2009/09/0908londoncholera-pump/.

256. Goel et al. The Structural Virality of Online Diffusion.

257. Samantha Grossman. «Kony 2012’ Documentary Becomes Most Viral Video in History // Time. 2012. March 12. newsfeed.time.com/2012/03/12/kony-2012-documentary-becomes-most-viral-video-in-history/.

258. J. David Goodman and Jennifer Preston. How the Kony Video Went Viral // Lede blog. New York Times. 2012. March 9. http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/03/09/how-the-kony-video-went-viral/.

259. Matthew J. Salganik, Peter Dodds and Duncan Watts. Experimental Study of Inequality and Unpredictability in an Artificial Cultural Market // Science. 2016. February 10. P. 311.

260. Thompson. The Shazam Effect.

261. Motoko Rich. Recession Fuels Readers’ Escapist Urges // New York Times. 2009. April 7. www.nytimes.com/2009/04/08/books/08roma.html.

9. Аудитория моей аудитории

262. Письмо автору по электронной почте от Винсента Форреста, 17.07.2015.

263. Miller McPherson, Lynn Smith-Lovin and James M. Cook. Birds of a Feather: Homophily in Social Networks // Annual Review of Sociology. 27. 2001 August. P. 415–444.

264. Simon Burgess. Friendship Networks and Young People’s Aspirations // Research in Public Policy, Centre for Market and Public Organisation, www.bristol.ac.uk/media-library/sites/cmpo/migrated/documents/friendship.pdf.

265. Christopher Ingraham. Three Quarters of Whites Don’t Have Any Non-White Friends // Washington Post. 2014. August 25. www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/08/25/three-quarters-of-whites-dont-have-any-non-white-friends/.

266. Eileen Barker. The Making of a Moonie: Choice or Brainwashing? Oxford: Blackwell, 1984.

267. Derek Thompson. Turning Customers into Cultists // The Atlantic. 2014. December. www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/12/turning-customers-into-cultists/382248/.

268. Ibid.

269. David Packman. May I Have Your Attention, Please? // The Mission. 2015. August 10. https://medium.com/the-mission/may-i-have-your-attention-please-19ef6395b2c3#.ijawp0j6o.

270. Mike Murphy. These Are the Most Popular iOS Apps and Games of All Time // Quartz. 2015. September 2. qz.com/492870/these-are-the-most-popular-ios-apps-and-games-of-all-time/.

271. Derek Thompson. The Most Popular Social Network for Young People? Texting // The Atlantic. 2014. June 19. www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2014/06/facebook-texting-teens-instagram-snapchat-most-popular-social-network/373043/.

272. Duncan Watts and Peter Dodds. Influentials, Networks, and Public Opinion Formation // Journal of Consumer Research. 2007. December. 34. www.digitaltonto.com/wp-content/uploads/WattsandDoddinfluentials.pdf.

273. Nick Summers. The Truth About Tinder and Women Is Even Worse Than You Think // Bloomberg, July 3, 2014, www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014–07–02/the-truth-about-tinder-and-women-is-even-worse-than-you-think.

274. Ibid.

275. Chris Dixon. The Bowling Pin Strategy // CDixon blog. 2010. August 21. cdixon.org/2010/08/21/the-bowling-pin-strategy/.

276. Steve O’Hear. Tinder Rival Bumble Is Majority-Owned by European Dating Behemoth Badoo // Tech Crunch. 2016. March 25. https://techcrunch.com/2016/03/25/bumble-meet-badoo/.

Интерлюдия. Le Panache

277. Tim Peterson. Ten Most Popular Stories on Twitter and Facebook in 2014 // AdvertisingAge. 2014. December 23. adage.com/article/media/ten-popular-stories-twitter-facebook-2014/296361/.

278. Diana I. Tamir and Jason P. Mitchell. Disclosing Information About the Self Is Intrinsically Rewarding // PNAS 109. 2012. № 21. www.pnas.org/content/109/21/8038.full.

279. Alixandra Barasch and Jonah Berger. Broadcasting and Narrowcasting: How Audience Size Affects What People Share // Journal of Marketing Research. 2014. June. 51. № 3. 286–299.

280. Ed Yong. The Incredible Thing We Do During Conversations // The Atlantic. 2016. January 4. www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/01/the-incredible-thing-we-do-during-conversations/422439/.

281. Stephen C. Levinson. Turn-Taking in Human Communication – Origins and Implications for Language Processing // Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 2016. 20. № 1. P. 6–14.

10. Чего хотят люди – I

История о Пэтче Калбертсоне и Ride взята из моего очерка «Эффект Shazam» (The Shazam Effect), опубликованного The Atlantic в 2014 г.

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