Хитмейкеры. Наука популярности в эпоху развлечений - Страница 110

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282. Fred Vogelstein. And Then Steve Said, «Let There Be an iPhone,’ ” New York Times Magazine, October 4, 2013, www.nytimes.com/2013/10/06/magazine/and-then-steve-said-let-there-be-an-iphone.html.

283. Jemima Kiss. iPhone Set to Struggle // The Guardian. 2007. June 29. www.theguardian.com/media/2007/jun/29/digitalmedia.news?cat=media&type=article; см. также Tom Smith. Anytime, Anyplace: Understanding the Connected Generation // Universal McCann, September 2007, www.slideshare.net/Tomuniversal/anytime-anyplace-um-global-research-sep-2007-presentation.

284. Revealed: The Eight-Year-Old Girl Who Saved Harry Potter // The Independent. 2015. July 2. www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/news/revealed-the-eight-year-old-girl-who-saved-harry-potter-296456.html.

285. Ken Auletta. The Heiress // The New Yorker. 2012. December 10. www.newyorker.com/magazine/2012/12/10/the-heiress-2.

286. William Goldman. Adventures in the Screen Trade. N. Y.: Grand Central, 1983.

287. Warren Buffett. Berkshire Hathaway Letter. 1990. www.berkshirehathaway.com/letters/1990.html.

288. Michael Lewis. The Big Short: Inside the Doomsday Machine. N. Y.: Norton, 2010.

289. Derek Thompson. The Shazam Effect // The Atlantic. 2012. December. www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2014/12/the-shazam-effect/382237/.

290. Carla Guerrero. Producer Aditya Sood ’97 on How the Box Office Hit «The Martian’ Came to Be // Pomona College. 2015. October 8. www.pomona.edu/news/2015/10/08-producer-aditya-sood-’97-how-box-office-hit-“martian”-came-be.

291. Derek Thompson. If You Don’t Watch Sports, TV Is a Huge Rip-Off (So, How Do We Fix It?) // The Atlantic. 2012. December 3. www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/12/if-you-dont-watch-sports-tvis-a-huge-rip-off-so-how-do-we-fix-it/265814/.

292. Brian Raftery. The Best TV Show That’s Ever Been // GQ. 2012. September 27. www.gq.com/story/cheers-oral-history-extended.

293. Jennifer Keishin Armstrong. Seinfeldia: How a Show About Nothing Changed Everything. N. Y.: Simon & Schuster, 2016.

294. Ibid.

295. Письмо автору по электронной почте от Пола Кабаны, 30.03.2016.

296. Lacey Rose and Michael O’Connell. The Uncensored, Epic, Never-Told Story Behind «Mad Men» // Hollywood Reporter. 2015. March 11. www.hollywoodreporter.com/features/mad-men-uncensored-epic-never-780101.

297. Ibid.

298. Derek Thompson. The Mad Men Effect: The Economics of TV’s Golden Age // The Atlantic. 2015. April 3. www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/04/the-mad-men-effect-the-economics-of-tvs-golden-age/389504/.

299. James Hibberd. Game of Thrones Piracy Hits Record High Despite HBO’s Stand-Alone Service // Entertainment Weekly. 2015. April 22. www.ew.com/article/2015/04/21/game-thrones-piracy-record.

300. Jeff Bezos. Amazon Letter to Shareholders. 2016. April 5. www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1018724/000119312516530910/d168744dex991.htm.

301. David Zurawik and Chris Kaltenbach. Sopranos’ Drives HBO Subscriber Numbers Up // Baltimore Sun. 2000. January 19. articles.baltimoresun.com/2000–01–19/features/0001190248_1_hbo-sopranos-new-subscriptions.

302. Zachary M. Seward. AMC Is Succeeding by Breaking the Rules of Legacy Television // Quartz. 2013. August 13. qz.com/114483/amc-is-succeeding-by-breaking-the-rules-of-legacy-television/.

11. Чего хотят люди – II

При написании этой главы мне очень помогла замечательная книга Билла Брайсона «Беспокойное лето 1927» (One Summer: America, 1927). В ней живо и с использованием фактического материала описывается литературная жизнь 1920-х гг. Я также благодарен Университету Айовы, предоставившему мне диссертацию Джорджа Гэллапа, посвященную изучению читательских привычек жителей штата.

303. Я не смог найти точных данных о среднем числе постов за день, выкладываемых в Facebook и Twitter, поэтому взял самую низкую оценку, приведенную в Business Insider; но их число может измеряться миллиардами: Jim Edwards. Leaked Twitter API Data Shows the Number of Tweets Is in Serious Decline // Business Insider. 2016. February 2. www.businessinsider.com/tweets-on-twitter-is-in-serious-decline-2016–2.

304. What Is Big Data? // IBM, www-01.ibm.com/software/data/bigdata/what-is-big-data.html.

305. Bill Bryson. One Summer: America, 1927. N. Y.: Random House, 2013.

306. Fareed Zakaria. The Future of Freedom: Illiberal Democracy at Home and Abroad N. Y.: Norton, 2004. P. 215.

307. Bryson. One Summer.

308. Matt Novak. One Newspaper to Rule Them All // Smithsonian. 2012. January 3. www.smithsonianmag.com/history/one-newspaper-to-rule-them-all-14383197/?no-ist.

309. Bryson. One Summer.

310. Список газет штата Нью-Йорк на микропленке в New York State Library, New York State Library website, www.nysl.nysed.gov/nysnp/title1.htm.

311. George Horace Gallup. An Objective Method for Determining Reader Interest in the Content of a Newspaper // University of Iowa dissertation. 1928. August. ir.uiowa.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5318&context=etd.

312. Ibid.

313. Jill Lepore. Politics and the New Machine // The New Yorker. 2015. November 16. www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/11/16/politics-and-the-new-machine.

314. Ann M. Reed. History: Applied Anthropology // Applied Anthropology, University of Indiana. 1998. May. www.indiana.edu/~wanthro/theory_pages/Applied.htm#history; см. также: George M. Foster. Applied Anthropology. Boston: Little, Brown, 1969.

315. Graeme Wood. Anthropology Inc. // The Atlantic. 2013. March. www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2013/03/anthropology-inc/309218/.

316. Susan Ohmer. Gallup Meets Madison Avenue: Media Research and the Depression // Milestones in Marketing History: Proceedings of the 10th Conference on Historical Analysis and Research in Marketing (CHARM), John W. Hartman Center for Sales, Advertising & Marketing History, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, May 17–20, 2001; см. также: Boris Doktorov. George Gallup: Biography and Destiny. Moscow, 2011.

317. Lepore. Politics and the New Machine.

318. Robert Gordon. The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U. S. Standard of Living since the Civil War. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2016; см. также: James L. Baughman. Television Comes to America, 1947–1957 // Illinois History. 1993. March. www.lib.niu.edu/1993/ihy930341.html.

319. David R. Davies. The Postwar Decline of American Newspapers, 1945–1965. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2006; см. также: Richard W. Clarke. Speech to the Silurian Society, November 1947, quoted in George Britt, ed., Shoeleather and Printers’ Ink. N. Y.: Quadrangle, 1974. P. 326–332; см. также: Sig Mickelson. Two National Political Conventions Have Proved Television’s News Role // Quill. 1956. December. P. 15–16.

320. Gordon. Rise and Fall of American Growth.

321. William Deverell. Fueled by Obsession // Huntington Frontiers, Spring/Summer 2009. www.huntington.org/uploaded-Files/Files/PDFs/S09obsession.pdf.

322. Will Fowler. Reporters: Memoirs of a Young Newspaperman. Malibu, CA: Roundtable, 1991. P. 160–161.

323. Television Convention // Newsweek. 1952. July 14.

324. Karla Gower. Public Relations and the Press: The Troubled Embrace. Chicago: Northwestern University Press, 2007. P. 29.

325. Clayton Christensen. The Innovator’s Dilemma. N. Y.: Harvard Business Review Press, 1997. Мое предложение – это импрессионистическое переформулирование тезиса Кристиансена. Оно, безусловно, отражает идеи Innovator’s Dilemma, но не является попыткой резюмировать содержание его книги.

326. Ken Goldstein. Sixty Years of Daily Newspaper Circulation Trends // Canadian Journalism Project, 2011.

327. James Fallows. How to Save the News // The Atlantic. June 2010. www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2010/06/how-to-save-the-news/308095/.

328. How Millennials Use and Control Social Media // Media Insight Project, American Press Institute. 2015. March 16. www.americanpressinstitute.org/publications/reports/survey-research/millennials-social-media/.

329. Адаптировано из отрывка, взятого из Jonathan Franzen. Farther Away // The New Yorker. 2011.April 18. www.newyorker.com/magazine/2011/04/18/farther-away-jonathan-franzen.

330. James B. Stewart. Facebook Has 50 Minutes of Your Time Each Day. It Wants More // New York Times. 2016. May 5. www.nytimes.com/2016/05/06/business/facebook-bends-the-rules-of-audience-engagement-to-its-advantage.html?_r=0.

331. Derek Thompson. Facebook and Fear // The Atlantic. 2016. May 10. www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2016/05/the-facebook-future/482145/.

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